Lactose, also referred to as “milk sugar,” is a common ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. Its widespread use in various medications prompts important halachic considerations. Central among these are questions...
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Striking Nurses
Striking[Editor’s note: Nearly 15,000 nurses across New York City launched a strike on January 12, 2026, making it one of the largest nursing strikes in the city’s history. This industrial action was initiated...
Hysteroscopy & Nida
Rav Itiel Katz Question: Does a woman become a Nida after undergoing a hysteroscopy? Answer: To answer this question, further clarification is needed, including: Was the procedure performed a hysteroscopy (via the...
What Happens If I Push This Button? – Part 1
In Toras haAdam (Inyan haSakana), the Ramban discusses a physician’s exemption from liability for errors that occur during medical treatment: [The exemption] was only granted to a Baki (an expert) who knows the wisdom...
House Officers in Halacha-Part 2
In this essay, we will explore the varying perspectives of the Tzitz Eliezer and R’ Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt”l regarding physicians in training administering general anesthesia and injections. These questions naturally...
Staying Focused
According to the American Psychiatric Association, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as “a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or...







